今天在美国能源部网站看到了《Quarterly Nuclear Deployment Scorecard - January 2014》，对当前美国民用核能的情况进行了综述，现翻译如下。

本人特别声明：本人只是从科普志愿者和爱好者的角度对原文进行重点选译，转载需要标明出处，并承诺不用于商业行为。

原文地址：http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/01/f6/January Deployment Scorecard 2014.pdf

News Updates

•Luminant has requested a suspension of the NRC’s review of its Comanche Peak Combined Construction and Operating License (COL) application. The company cited impacts to the review schedule of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries US Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (US-APWR) due to the vendor’s desire to refocus its resources to reactor restarts in Japan as well as low electricity prices driven by low natural gas prices as reasons for the suspension.
•Unistar Nuclear Operating Co. has formally withdrawn its COL application from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to build and operate Areva’s U.S. EPR at its Nine Mile Point site in Oswego, NY. In late 2009, Unistar requested a suspension of the application review due to financial concerns. Low electricity prices and inability to obtain a loan guarantee for the project were factors in Unistar’s decision to withdraw the application.
•The NRC has formally extended the expiration date of the construction permit for the Watts Bar 2 reactor to September 2016. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) requested the extension in 2012 following lower than expected initial construction productivity and to allow for additional time to address regulatory changes resulting from the Fukushima Daiichi accident. TVA’s “most likely estimate to complete” date remains December 2015.
•The Department of Energy announced an award to NuScale Power LLC in December to support a new project to design, certify and help commercialize innovative small modular reactors (SMRs) in the United States. The NuScale Power Module design allows for incremental units of 45MWe to be constructed up to a maximum of 540MWe (12 units) at a given plant.

新闻更新

Luminant（Comanche Peak 核电站业主）已要求NRC暂缓对Comanche Peak核电站建造和运营联合申请的审查。

•主要原因一是三菱重工将资源用於日本国内重启而推迟了US-APWR的（DCD）审查，二是由于低天然气价格导致的电价较低。
•Unistar核电运营公司正式从NRC撤销了在纽约州Oswego的九英里角厂址（扩建厂址）建设和运营US-EPR的COL申请（2009年底，Unistar基于财务问题推迟了该COL申请），撤销的主要原因是电价低且没有能够为项目争取到贷款担保。

•NRC正式将Watts Bar2反应堆的建造许可证延期到2016年9月。田纳西河流域管理局（TVA，Watts Bar核电站业主）估计将会在2015年12月前完成建造。

•能源部（DOE）在2013年12月授予NUsclae电力公司一项关于革新型小型模块式反应堆（SMR）设计、测试和商业化的项目，Nuscale模块设计允许在一个厂址用45MWe的单元来建造最大达540MWe的机组。

Regulatory Status

•Eighteen Combined Construction and Operating License (COL) applications have been docketed, eight of which (totaling 12 nuclear reactors) remain under active NRC review.NRC reviews of eight applications were suspended due to utility economic considerations.Review of the Fermi and South Texas Project applications could continue after submittal of additional technical information; in addition, the South Texas Project and Calvert Cliffs applications face foreign ownership issues.The Reference COL (R-COL) application has been submitted for five reactor designs; subsequent COLs (S-COLs) will incorporate the corresponding R-COL application by reference, noting any site-specific departures. Southern Nuclear’s Vogtle Units 3 and 4 and SCE&G’s VC Summer Units 2 and 3 have received COLs.
规管状态

•登记在案的有18份COL申请，其中的8份（总计12座反应堆）NRC仍在审查。NRC审查的8份申请因经济考量推迟。Fermi和South Texas项目的申请在补交附加的技术信息后将可以继续；另外South Texas和Calvert Cliffs项目申请还面临外国股权问题。参考COL（R-COL）申请已提交了五中设计；随后的COL（S-COLs）将会依据厂址特性对R-COL进行修正。南方核能的Votle以及南卡州电力燃气公司的VC Summer#2、3机组已经收到了COLs。

Summary:Two reactor designs that are being considered for future builds in the U.S. are certified and two renewal applications are under NRC review.

•AREVA U.S.-EPR – Submitted December 12, 2007 and docketed February 25, 2008; certification schedule is under review.
•GE-Hitachi (GEH) ESBWR – Final Design Approval in March 2011; rulemaking expected 2014.
•Mitsubishi Heavy Industries US-APWR – Submitted December 31, 2007 and docketed February 29, 2008; MHI has requested a deferral of the review due to their work on reactor restarts in Japan.
•Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) APR1400 – Pre-application interactions continue. Design certification application submitted on September 30, 2013; NRC declined to docket the application at this time due to lack of sufficient technical detail.
•GEH ABWR – Certified in 1997. Toshiba and GEH have also separately submitted Design Certification renewal applications that are currently under review.
•Westinghouse AP1000 – Amended design certified on December 30, 2011.
摘要，2种未来将用于美国核电站建设的反应堆设计正在认证，2中更新申请NRC正在审查

•AREVA US-EPR：2007年12月12日提交申请，2008年2月25日正式受理；认证计划正在审查。

•GEH ESBWR：2011年3月，最终设计批准；计划2014年颁发规制文件。

•三菱重工 US-APWR：2007年12月31日提交申请，2008年2月29日登记在案；MHI因正忙于日本核电重启而要求推迟审查；

•KEPCO APR1400：继续预申请前的互动，2013年9月30日提交设计认证申请；由于缺乏足够的技术详资，NRC当时拒绝受理。
•GEH ABWR：1997年完成认证，东芝和GEH分别提交的设计认证更新申请正在审查。
•Westinghouse AP1000：修改后的设计认证于2011年12月30日被批复。

Early Site Permits (ESP)

Summary:Four ESPs issued; one under review:

•PSEG submitted an ESP application for its nuclear plant site in Salem County, New Jersey, on May 25, 2010. The final safety evaluation report (SER) and environmental impact statement (EIS) are expected in the first quarter of 2015.
•The following ESPs have been issued:Exelon – Clinton (IL), 3/15/07; Entergy – Grand Gulf (MS), 4/5/07; Dominion – North Anna (VA), 11/27/07; Southern – Vogtle site (GA), 08/26/09.
早期厂址许可（ESP）

概述：4份ESP获批；一份在审查；

•2010年5月25日，PSEG提交了新泽西州Salem Couty核电站厂址ESP申请。预计2015年一季度将发布最终安全评价报告（SER）和环境影响报告书（EIS）。
•下述4份ESP已签署：Exelon——Exelon公司 – Clinton (伊利诺伊州), 2007年3月15日； Entergy公司 – Grand Gulf (密西西比州)，2007年4月5日；Dominion公司–North Anna (弗吉尼亚州)，2007年11月27日； Southern公司– Vogtle厂址(乔治亚州)，2009年08月26日。

New Plant Construction Progress

Summary:Full nuclear construction has begun for V.C. Summer Units 2 and 3 and Vogtle Units 3 and 4. TVA is proceeding with the completion of the Watts Bar 2.

新核电站建造进展

概述：VC Summer核电站#2/3机组和Vogtle核电站#3/4机组均已开工；TVA正在推进Watts Bar 2的完工。

Vogtle

•Engineering, procurement and construction of the facility is approximately 50 percent complete, based on contractual milestone completion. Cooling towers for both units are more than 50% complete.
•Unit 3:Fabrication and setting of the Unit 3 containment vessel bottom head is complete. Module CA04 (the reactor vessel housing module) has been placed in the Containment Vessel Bottom Head (CVBH).
•Unit 4:Nuclear island concrete basemat is in place. Construction of unit 4 CVBH is essentially complete.

Vogtle

•基于合同里程碑而言，设计、采购和建造完成了约50%；2台机组冷却塔均完成了50%以上；

•#3机组：#3机组CVBH完成制造并就位，CA04模块就位；

•#4机组：#4机组核岛FCD，CVBH基本完成制造；

VC Summer

•Unit 2:Module CA04 (the reactor vessel housing module) has been placed in the CVBH. Fabrication and placement of condensers and turbine building support structures continue. Fabrication and testing of step up transformers has been completed. Cooling tower 2A structural work is substantially complete.
•Unit 3: Nuclear island basemat placement is complete. Construction of unit 3 CVBH is underway. Work is continuing on the cooling towers. Critical path for completion of both units continues to be defined by progress in delivery of submodules from the Chicago Bridge and Iron (CB&I) Lake Charles facility and module assembly and completion of concrete structures on site.

VC Summer

•#2机组：CA04模块就位，继续进行凝汽器的制造和就位、汽机厂房支撑结构；主变制造及测试完毕；#2机组冷却塔A结构工程基本完工。

•#3机组：#3机组核岛FCD。#3机组CVBH施工正在进行；冷却塔工程继续；两台机组接下来的关键路径都取决于CB&I查理斯湖工厂的子模块交付、模块拼装和现场混凝土结构完工的进展。

Watts Bar 2

•Project is transitioning from performing bulk construction work to completion, testing, and turnover of individual systems; the physical plant is approximately 80% complete. The Essential Raw Cooling Water, Component Cooling Water, and flood mode boration systems have been completed and were turned over for pre-operational testing ahead of schedule.

Watts Bar 2

•项目正在由大规模施工向完工、实验和分系统移交转变；实体电厂已完工约80%。重要厂用水、部件冷却水和洪水模式下的加硼系统已完工，比计划提前移交进入运行前试验。

Expected Operation Dates

•TVA expects Watts Bar 2 to be completed by late 2015.
•Southern Nuclear’s Vogtle Units 3 and 4 are expected to come online in 2017 and 2018, respectively.
•SCE&G’s VC Summer Units 2 and 3 are expected to come online in late 2017 and 2019, respectively.
•Florida Power and Light’s Turkey Point Units 6 and 7 originally expected to come online in 2022 and 2023. COLA schedule is under review; changes are likely to result in project delays.
•Duke Energy’s Levy site expects the first unit to come online in 2024 and the second unit to follow 18 months later.
•Duke Energy has set a target date of 2024 for completion of the first unit at the William States Lee site.
•Dominion has set an “earliest possible” in-service date of 2024 for North Anna 3.

预期运行时间：

•TVA预计Watts Bar 2将于2015年底完工；

•南方核能Vogtle#3、4机组计划于2017、2018年投运；

•南卡州电力燃气公司VC Summer #2、3机组计划于2017、2019年投运；

•佛罗里达电灯公司最初计划于2022、2023将Turkey Point #6、7机组投运，但COLA（COL申请）尚在审查中，预计会延迟；

•杜克能源计划Levy厂址首机于2024年投运，第二台机组将在此后18个月投运；

•Dominion设定了North Anna 3投运“最早可能”时间为2024年。

博主微评：

1、从整体上来看，无论是美国政府，还是企业或核电设备制造商，对核电安全是充满自信的，有发展的信心。无论是大型商用反应堆还是小型模块式反应堆都受到了重视。

2、部分核电项目建设计划延迟，甚至取消，从中我们可以看到美国页岩气革命带来的影响（气价、电价下降导致了经济竞争性问题）。美国核电的发展规模取决于经济方面的考量。

3、美国对外资进入其国内核电领域管制很严。

4、AP1000计划比预期有所滞后。